Evaluation of cardiac fitness before new commencement of sport activities or prior to non-cardiac surgeries, in patients with no previous history of heart disease

Assessment of the cardiac condition is necessary in some specific situations, such as new commencement of sport activities, especially in males in their 4th and 5th decade of life, in particular when cardiovascular risk factors are present.

Another important situation is to obtain cardiac clearance prior to scheduled non cardiac surgeries, especially in the elderly, even without symptoms, and in mid-aged subjects with known multiple cardiovascular risk factors (Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels and family history of heart disease).